Limb-bone scaling indicates diverse stance and gait in quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaurs.
BackgroundThe most primitive ornithischian dinosaurs were small bipeds, but quadrupedality evolved three times independently in the clade.The transition to quadrupedality from bipedal ancestors is rare in the history of terrestrial vertebrate evolution, and extant analogues do not exist.Constraints imposed on quadrupedal ornithischians by their anc